2D and 3D Analyses

Electromagnetic calculations encompass several critical aspects that are essential for ensuring the optimal performance and efficiency of transformers and shunt reactors. These comprehensive calculations include a variety of factors and parameters that must be meticulously considered and analyzed to achieve the desired performance outcomes. Specifically, these calculations include:

Insulation systems • AC and DC (with transient)

• Insulation systems are essential for both AC and DC applications and must be designed to handle transient conditions effectively.

Load loss, circulating currents, and hot spot • Windings (with harmonics)

• Load losses occur due to the resistance in the windings, which can generate heat and create hot spots, especially with harmonics.

Stray losses and temperature • Tank

• Stray losses are additional losses occurring in the tank and other parts of the transformer, contributing to the overall temperature increase.

Clamping structures • Flitch plates

• Clamping structures, including flitch plates, maintain the mechanical integrity and stability of the transformer under various operating conditions.

Impedances • Short circuit / zero sequence

• Impedance is crucial for the transformer's performance, particularly during short circuit conditions and in zero sequence scenarios, affecting efficiency and safety.

Electromagnetic forces • Short circuit

• Electromagnetic forces generated during short circuits can be substantial, requiring robust design to ensure the transformer's durability.

• During inrush (with multiple cores)

• Inrush currents, occurring when the transformer is first energized, create significant electromagnetic forces that must be managed, especially in transformers with 1 or 2 cores, to prevent damage and ensure reliable operation.

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